Introduction: The novel Pruning written by Nasim Marashi is the story of the war-torn women of southern Iran who-unwillingly and despite the cultural context of the society-try to escape from the male colonialism of the war and gain their independence and natural revival. The main subject of this article is the feminist-postcolonial reading, analytically and descriptively of the novel Pruning to show the main statements of this point of view in the said novel. Methodology: Feminism based on post-colonial ideas considers woman as a cultural construct. Post-colonial feminists consider this to be a product of women's unconsciousness and their moving away from their natural position, under the hegemony of male authoritarian discourse, and they have always sought to find a suitable place for women and invite them to self-confidence and revive their identity and personality beliefs. What masculinity and femininity are depicted in "Haras" novel shows the subjectivity and power of men and the loss and decay of female gender identity as "other" in male authority. In this article, these two characteristics of the gender ideology represented in Hares' story have been analyzed and explained by separating the components of post-colonial feminism. Results and Discussion: The novel "Pruning" succeeds in representing the gender ideology in a certain geography of the world with its own culture and customs and gender stereotypes. The theme of war and its violent consequences also plays a leading role in highlighting the views and cultural signs that shape the identity-gender structure of women and men. Brind has clearly reflected the two colonial issues, patriarchal culture and war-which in the world of nature, is considered a masculine thing by nature-the division of the male and female world and male subjectivity and female otherness in the novel. The gender identity of the women in the story (Nawal, her mother-in-law, the women of Dar al-Talah, etc. ) is formed by internalizing the belief that a woman is an inferior other, and women, like men, define masculinity with traits such as stoutness, strength, and greater physical abilities (especially the power to fight) is preferable to their gender identity, which is a cultural and social construction. Conclusion: In this colonial and gendered view, being a woman is dignified by being accepted and accepted by men,Therefore, women use all their efforts to get closer to that "self" defined for them by the components of patriarchal culture and power (such as giving birth to a boy instead of a girl). In this novel, the statements of post-colonial feminism, such as returning to oneself, believing oneself as an original and natural existence (not a weakly held other), trying to redefine the original gender role and identity, coming out of the shadows and margins, recovering one's agency with a positive effect On the environment, nature and others after the unwanted separation of women from men and the patriarchal society, it makes its way into the lives of women and typically Nawal

In this paper, I address the issue of the possible applicability of the ideas of Karl R. Popper’s social and political philosophy in the contemporary political life of postcolonial countries. Through reference to the reception of Popper’s philosophy in Central and Eastern Europe, I argue that Popper’s writings were effective in catalysing the political wholesale transformation by undermining Marxists’ pretensions to scientific status rather than through his anti-utopian and anti-revolutionary political recommendations. In the context of attempts to apply Popper’s ideas in postcolonial countries, especially Sub-Saharan Africa, I claim that the influence of Popper’s social thought on the politics of those countries may not be as effective as expected or desired.

Postcolonial feminism or third-world feminism is a current movement that illustrates the way women of the colonized countries suffer from double marginality practiced by native patriarchs and imperialists. In this regard, Joseph Conrad’ s Heart of Darkness and E. M. Forster’ s A Passage to India have been selected to be investigated and discussed from the postcolonial feministic point of view. Thus, the present study examines female voicelessness and double colonization of third-world women through the postcolonial feministic perspectives and texts of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Spivak’ s theories on subalternity will be applied to the selected novels. The main purpose is to investigate the role of women in the postcolonial contexts and to have a deep look at postcolonial feminism by the help of the theories of Spivak.

The theoretical and political frameworks of feminist thoughts emerge from some of the classical traditions of the social and political theories. Thus, first wave of feminism was influenced by liberation and second wave influenced by radicalism. Since the modem bourgeoisie which is based on liberation and equality has not been fully successful to extend these values to women, it disappointed some of feminist scholars. Considering the impact of social issues on women's lives, feminists have revised some of these classical perspectives or applied new perspectives to explain the women's position in society in a better way. Romanticism as a form of contemporary social theory admires "emotions" and adores the "past" and has had much appeal to some of the feminists because of some commonly shared assumptions in both feminism and romanticism. This has become a basis of aspiration for some feminists who emphasize on women's sentiments and its superiority instead of rational equality between men and women and the importance of women's movements. They believe in the existence of matriarchy in the golden age as an assumption and try to revitalize it. It seems that even though romanticism could be considered as a reaction to the problems arisen from rationality and modem development, but it is not a solution for the new world, as it is even true for feminism.    

In this article, Louis Aragon is introduced as a contemporary feminist poet and writer, A poet who engaged simultaneously and identically in the two phenomena, Feminism and Resistance, during the World War II. He, unlike those who consider women as limits to the power of the battlers, praises women in all his works. He explicitly declares that it has been his beloved who has granted him the spirit and vigor to resist and continue living within the war. His themes, styles and examples and, in fact, the major parts of his works are full of Elsa’s feminine presence. There commences and continues a movement, from Elsa to the France, traversing the evocation of other feminine figures, images of beauty and magnificence of culture. Aragon has attributed to the France too, all the values he had primarily dedicated to his beloved, as an adorable and lively feminine character.Love, herein, finds a dual aspect. This is the manner of a French poetwriter, who, initiating the Poetry of the Resistance through adopting an implied style so as to seem legal against its contemporary censorship ambiance plays a brilliant role within the war. He impliedly praises France, which is frustrated by the war and summons up his compatriots to save their common love, their homeland, France, which is, per se, well realized in the emblematic eyes of Elsa, his beloved woman. French: L’imagologie du feminisme aragonien Louis Aragon, dont nous essaierons d’analyser l’oeuvre dans cet article sous l’angle d’un poete et ecrivain feministe contemporain, est l’un des principaux poetes engages de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, et plus particulierement de la Resistance. Dans son oeuvre, il celebre la femme, a l’appose ceux qui la considerent comme un element paralysant le cote guerrier de l’homme, du guerrier, il affirme explicitement que c’est sa bien-aimee qui lui donne de l’espoir pour continuer a vivre.Cette lecture de son oeuvre ne deroutera pas le lecteur qui a bien connu l’epoque de la censure et de l’oppression, celui qui va plus loin que la simple structure et superpose le contenu commun de son oeuvre.D’Elsa a la France, la ligne est continue passant par l’evocation d’autres figures feminines, images de la beaute et de la richesse d’une culture, Aragon attribue aussi les valeurs assignees a l’etre aimee a la France, representee dans ses poemes sous la forme d’une figure feminine vivante et adoree. En atteste l’image largement developpee dans (Plus belle que les larmes), ou l’admiration pour la patrie s’exprime par l’exaltation du corps feminin. L’amour occupe donc lui aussi une double fonction: il est a la fois amour humain et amour de la patrie-patrie dont meme le drapeau est defini a travers des images feminines.Voici resumee la demarche d’un poete-ecrivain engage qui joue un role primordial dans la poesie de resistance, en s’exprimant au travers d’une (modalite de contrebande), afin de pouvoir s’exprimer legalement pendant la periode de la censure. Ainsi, dans son oeuvre, il celebre la France sous-entendue, hantee par la guerre, et lance par la-meme un appel a ses compatriotes pour sauver leur amour commun, leur partie, la France-appel realise a travers les yeux emblematiques d’Elsa.Keywords: Image, Feminisme, Elsa, Amour, Femme, France, Engagement, Patriotisme, Nationalisme, Resistance

The word feminism refers to the advocacy of women's right seeking to remove restrictions that discriminate against women. It relates to the belief that women should have the same social, economic and political rights as men. Feminism has often focused upon what is absent rather than what is present. The word feminist refers to the person who advocates or practices feminism and it takes political position. Female is the matter of biology and feminine is a set of culturally defined characteristics. Indian feminists have also fought against cultural issues within the patriarchal society, such as inheritance laws and practice of widow immolation known as sati. Unlike the western feminist movements, India’s movement was initiated by men and then joined by women. The feminist literary criticism spent most of its energy describing how women were represented in literary works by both men and women writers. Deshpande, as a great feminist and Indian novelist, presents a sensitive portrayal of Indian womanhood treading the labyrinthine paths of human mind and sheds light on the subtleties of the human female. Her novels are in themselves the schools of psyche based on lives and problems of women only. Each novel is a voyage of discovery for her, a discovery of herself, of other humans, of our universe.

Adopting feminist perspectives is, by and large, novel in social science. However, feminism historical background might be followed until 18th century. Through the years, patriarchal epistemology and gendered metaphysics of science have been criticized fundamentally by radical feminist thinkers. Although such criticisms obviously have limitations, their constructive role in addressing original insights is undeniable. Due to Ubiquity of organizations in modern world and significance of power within organization, organizational life has great potential for feminist criticism. Feminist scholars provide creative insights for organization studies and reveal the true nature of organizations. This paper discusses about critical reading of organizational life and aspects of organizations criticized by feminism. In other words, the main question is which characteristics of organizational life make it susceptible to feminist criticism. The current descriptive research is conducted through Theme Analysis (TA) method; a widely used approach to qualitative content. Reviewing 21 texts, it is maintained that objects of feminist criticism in organization studies could be depicted in two-level framework.

The title of this research should not delude the reader into assuming that the aim of study is to analyze and judge theories of feminism including various schools of thought. Rather this investigation has used the term "feminism" in that it is popularly utilized by Iranians to refer to issues of women's rights. It is sometimes observed that the advocates of Feminism have no knowledge of its different schools of thought and various sub- disciplines. The main aim of this essay is to outline the ideas and conducts of some Iranian women in their everyday life which are consciously or unconsciously interpreted from the feminist perspective. This critical examination highlights two types of women: resentful and critical.Resentment is taken as a category more akin to Max Scheler’s thought than to Nietzsche’s approach. Resentful women are those who want to take an impotent revenge to establish their identity negatively.Critical depicts a Socratic citizen. Those who by accepting Marcusian and Irigaraian difference, engage in knowing about themselves and act as a mature participant to change their life as well as other people's. They foster common happiness and as a good citizen gain their rights.Cinema is the medium of research. The findings of this article are based on critical evaluation of two popular feature films, which depict either the passive surrender to the imperatives of reified situation or active participation to bring out “happiness” from the harsh realities of life, to give hope and make utopia of good life feasible.